巴基斯坦矿产与材料资源

High-grade industrial minerals including white barite, cosmetic talc, and gypsum

工业与非金属矿

10 项核验证据记录分类名录

第02组 • 非金属与特种工程材料

工业矿物

API钻井重晶石、高白度滑石、石膏、菱镁矿、萤石、磷块岩、硅砂及特种黏土。

核心矿种：

重晶石（钻井/化工级）滑石/皂石石膏菱镁矿萤石

轴向褶皱带、盐岭及小喜马拉雅变质带

Polished dimension stones, onyx, and pink rock salt crystals from Pakistan

岩盐与饰面石材

7 项核验证据记录分类名录

第03组 • 蒸发岩、大理石与骨料

岩盐、石材与建材

盐岭古石盐蒸发岩层、优质建筑大理石、查盖条带缟玛瑙、花岗岩及高等级基础设施级配骨料。

核心矿种：

喜马拉雅岩盐（粉/白）大理石与缟玛瑙花岗岩工程级配骨料

盐岭蒸发岩与区域变质石材成矿区

Gemstone crystals on natural matrix including Swat emerald and Shigar aquamarine

宝玉石与地质标本

7 项核验证据记录分类名录

第04组 • 晶体与宝玉石地质标本

宝石与矿物标本

名贵斯瓦特祖母绿、吉尔吉特海蓝宝、卡特朗皇家粉托帕石、橄榄石及具合法来源证明的伟晶岩稀有晶体标本。

核心矿种：

斯瓦特祖母绿海蓝宝石卡特朗粉托帕石红宝石 / 蓝宝石稀有晶体标本

印度河缝合带与喀喇昆仑-喜马拉雅伟晶岩田

证据体系指南

理解矿产证据等级

Enigma Earth 为每一处矿产赋存标注明确的证据代码。严格遵循内容合规准则，历史开采或单体晶体标本绝不与现行商业开采相混淆。

代码	核准公开定义	地质证据内涵	商业陈述法定界限
[P]	官方确证生产记录	矿种拥有省级矿业管理部门或官方大型矿企出具的经核实生产统计报告。	商业活跃（需批次独立化验）
[H]	历史开采作业证据	矿床历史上曾进行过开采；现阶段开采需重新核验矿权有效性与复工状态。	历史矿区 / 待复产
[S]	采获宝玉石或矿物标本	手工淘洗产出或单晶标本；绝不代表大宗工业化稳定开采能力。	手工作业 / 仅限单件标本
[A]	伴生矿物 / 科研取样	与主要矿石或伟晶岩脉伴生的次要矿物相；具学术研究或博物馆收藏价值。	非大宗 / 科研收藏用途
[O]	勘查靶区 / 成矿远景	地表露头、地球化学异常或探矿权靶区，尚需系统金刚石钻探工程评价。	勘查靶区（非现成库存）

Enigma Earth 合规治理与运营陈述界限

地质成矿赋存、地球化学异常或历史矿洞绝不构成已探明的商业可采储量、现成堆场库存或产能保证。遵循合规准则，每项商业意向均须提交第三方化验认证（SGS、Alex Stewart等认可机构）及官方有效矿权文件。

第22条：地质产状 ≠ 商业生产•第24条：稀有标本 ≠ 大宗供应•第27条：仅作证据支撑的陈述

检索名录

查阅经证据核验的矿产名录

按资源大类、省份大区和证据等级系统检索。名录收录仅表示地质产状客观存在，不代表现成库存或即期交货保障。

当前显示 32 共计 32 条经证据审核的矿产记录

Metallic MineralsCopper Ore & Concentrates

[P]Official Production Evidence

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), Bornite (Cu5FeS4), Malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2)

已核实成矿带：

Balochistan: Chagai Magmatic Arc (Saindak, Reko Diq belt)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: North Waziristan (Boye, Shinkai copper-bearing volcanics)

采购参考技术指标 (Copper Content (Cu))

20.0% to 28.0% Cu in flotation concentrates; run-of-mine direct-shipping ore (DSO) 1.5% - 4.0% Cu where available

Commercial export of copper concentrates requires official clearance and title tracing. Commercial viability requires independent third-party assay (e.g. ALS, SGS, Alfred H Knight). Occurrence does not equal extraction or commercial grade. Major porphyry reserves (such as Reko Diq) are held under state-authorized consortium agreements and are not available for private trade.

商业化采购通道

Metallic MineralsChromite Ore (Metallurgical & Refractory)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Chromite ((Fe,Mg)Cr2O4)

已核实成矿带：

Balochistan: Muslim Bagh, Khanozai, Bela, and Zhob ophiolite complexes

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Dargai (Malakand) and Kohistan ophiolitic sequences

采购参考技术指标 (Chromium Oxide (Cr2O3) & Cr:Fe Ratio)

Typical Buyer Target (Metallurgical): 46.0% - 52.0% Cr2O3 (Cr:Fe typically 2.6:1 to 3.0:1); Medium/Refractory Grade: 38.0% - 44.0% Cr2O3 (Cr:Fe 2.2:1 - 2.6:1). Grade, Cr:Fe ratio, and low silica/phosphorus must be verified per lot.

Chromite metallurgical quality depends on Cr2O3 content, Cr:Fe ratio (typically 2.6:1 to 3.0:1 for metallurgical grade), and low silica/phosphorus, which must be verified per lot. Commercial viability requires independent third-party assay (e.g. ALS, SGS, Alfred H Knight). Occurrence does not equal extraction or commercial grade.

商业化采购通道

Metallic MineralsIron Ore (Magnetite & Sedimentary)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Magnetite (Fe3O4), Hematite (Fe2O3), Chamosite-Goethite (Oolitic)

已核实成矿带：

Balochistan: Chagai & Ras Koh (Pachinkoh, Chigendik skarn deposits); Dilband (sedimentary)

Punjab: Salt Range & Chichali / Kalabagh (oolitic sedimentary deposits)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Chitral (Dammer Nissar magnetite); Abbottabad (Langrial oolitic)

采购参考技术指标 (Total Iron (Fe))

Chagai Skarn Magnetite: 56.0% - 62.0% Fe; Sedimentary Oolitic: 32.0% - 42.0% Fe (requires beneficiation)

Sedimentary deposits in Punjab and Dilband host substantial indicated tonnage but possess refractory metallogeny (high phosphorus and silica). They cannot be marketed as direct-charge blast furnace ore without dedicated beneficiation flowsheets.

商业化采购通道

Metallic MineralsLead Ore & Galena Concentrates

[H]Historical Extraction Evidence

Galena (PbS), Cerussite (PbCO3), Anglesite (PbSO4)

已核实成矿带：

Balochistan: Lasbela-Khuzdar Metallogenic Belt (Duddar, Gunga, Surmai)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Besham, Kohistan, and Chitral sulfide occurrences

采购参考技术指标 (Lead (Pb) & Silver (Ag) Assay)

Flotation concentrate: 55.0% - 68.0% Pb; Direct-shipping ore (DSO): 35.0% - 48.0% Pb where available

Historical extraction at Duddar underground mine is held under specific corporate concessions. Sourcing requires official title tracing, concession documentation, and third-party laboratory verification. Occurrence does not equal extraction or commercial grade.

须待化验/核验矿权

Metallic MineralsZinc Ore & Sphalerite Concentrates

[H]Historical Extraction Evidence

Sphalerite ((Zn,Fe)S), Smithsonite (ZnCO3), Hemimorphite

已核实成矿带：

Balochistan: Lasbela-Khuzdar Belt (Duddar, Gunga, Surmai, Sekran)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Swat, Hazara, and Chitral polymetallic occurrences

采购参考技术指标 (Zinc (Zn) & Iron (Fe) Content)

Flotation concentrate: 48.0% - 55.0% Zn; Crude ore / DSO: 25.0% - 38.0% Zn

Zinc deposits in the Lasbela-Khuzdar belt are subject to lease concession verifications and environmental compliance. No direct private spot supply is available without concession validation.

须待化验/核验矿权

Metallic MineralsManganese Ore

[P]Official Production Evidence

Pyrolusite (MnO2), Psilomelane, Rhodochrosite (MnCO3)

已核实成矿带：

Balochistan: Lasbela (Bela Ophiolite Belt, Kharari Nai, Sanjro)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Kurram Agency and North Waziristan volcanic sequences

采购参考技术指标 (Manganese (Mn) Content)

Metallurgical Grade: 38.0% - 46.0% Mn; Chemical/Battery Grade: > 48.0% Mn (high Mn:Fe ratio)

Manganese lenses in Bela and Kurram vary abruptly in thickness and grade. Shipments must be tested composite-lot by composite-lot rather than assumed homogeneous.

商业化采购通道

Metallic MineralsAntimony (Stibnite)

[O]Exploration / Occurrence Context

Stibnite (Sb2S3)

已核实成矿带：

Balochistan: Qila Abdullah (Surkhab valley, Shekran)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Chitral (Krang, Partsan hydrothermal vein belts)

采购参考技术指标 (Antimony (Sb) Content)

Hand-sorted crude ore: 45.0% - 58.0% Sb; Flotation concentrate: > 60.0% Sb

Exploration status only. No active commercial bulk production capacity currently operates. Field reports represent artisanal vein diggings and mineralized outcrops requiring systemic diamond drilling.

须待化验/核验矿权

Metallic MineralsBauxite & Laterite (Alumina / Cement Feed)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Gibbsite (Al(OH)3), Boehmite (AlO(OH)), Kaolinite, Hematite

已核实成矿带：

Punjab: Salt Range (Khushab, Kattha, Nilawahan unconformity horizon)

Azad Jammu & Kashmir: Kotli & Muzaffarabad (Palaeocene-Eocene unconformity zones)

Balochistan: Khuzdar and Ziarat (lateritic horizons)

采购参考技术指标 (Alumina (Al2O3) and Silica (SiO2))

Refractory Grade: Al2O3 52.0% - 62.0%; Cement Grade: Al2O3 40.0% - 50.0%

Pakistani bauxites are predominantly diaspore-boehmite rich with elevated silica (kaolinite). They do not qualify for conventional low-temperature Bayer process alumina refining without intensive pre-desilication.

商业化采购通道

Industrial MineralsBarite (Barytes / BaSO4)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Barium Sulfate (BaSO4)

已核实成矿带：

Balochistan: Khuzdar (Gunga, Shekran, Monar Talar massive vein and bedded deposits)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Haripur and Kohistan hydrothermal vein systems

采购参考技术指标 (Specific Gravity (SG) & BaSO4 Content)

Example Buyer Specification: Drilling Mud Grade typically requires Specific Gravity >= 4.20 g/cm3 (API 13A Section 7) or >= 4.10 g/cm3 (API Section 8); Chemical Grade: BaSO4 >= 95.0%. Lot-specific testing required.

Where an oilfield application requires an API specification (such as 4.20 or 4.10 g/cm3 specific gravity), the applicable parameters should be confirmed and demonstrated through suitable lot-specific testing. Khuzdar deposits maintain established commercial production with automated grinding mills; specific gravity and rheology must be verified per lot.

商业化采购通道

Industrial MineralsTalc / Soapstone (Steatite)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2)

已核实成矿带：

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Sherwan (Abbottabad), Safed Koh / Kurram, and Swat dolomitic belts

采购参考技术指标 (Whiteness / Brightness (Y-Value) & Chemistry + Mineralogy)

Example Buyer Requirement (Cosmetic/Polymer): ISO Brightness >= 94.0%, Talc purity >= 96.0%; Technical Grade: Brightness 85.0% - 92.0%. Chemistry and mineralogy must be verified by lot.

Asbestos Testing Where Required: For applications where asbestos absence is required, representative material should be tested using an appropriate method and laboratory (e.g., XRD / TEM). Sherwan talc achieves high natural whiteness, but cosmetic and polymer suitability must be verified on a lot-by-lot basis.

商业化采购通道

Industrial MineralsGypsum & Anhydrite

[P]Official Production Evidence

Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)

已核实成矿带：

Punjab: Salt Range (Khewra, Dandot, Daud Khel, Mianwali)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Kohat Plateau (Bahadur Khel, Karak bedded sequences)

Balochistan: Sulaiman Range (Barkhan, Kohlu, Spintangi formations)

采购参考技术指标 (CaSO4·2H2O Purity)

High Grade Plaster/Industrial: >= 90.0% CaSO4·2H2O; Cement Grade: >= 80.0% - 85.0% CaSO4·2H2O

Gypsum reserves in Punjab and KP are massive and commercially active. The primary commercial variables are logistics distance, purity consistency, and chloride content.

商业化采购通道

Industrial Minerals

Magnesite (Raw & Calcined)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO3)

已核实成矿带：

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Kumhar (Abbottabad district, Hazara crystalline magnesite deposit)

Balochistan: Muslim Bagh and Bela ophiolites (cryptocrystalline vein magnesite)

采购参考技术指标 (Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Equivalent)

Raw Magnesite: MgO >= 45.0% (LOI ~50%); Dead-Burned Magnesite: MgO >= 90.0% - 94.0%

Kumhar is Pakistan's principal documented crystalline deposit with historical geological reserve estimates. Processing into dead-burned magnesite requires high-temperature rotary kilns (>1750°C), which dictates local beneficiation capacity.

商业化采购通道

Industrial MineralsFluorite (Fluorspar)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

已核实成矿带：

Balochistan: Koh-i-Maran and Koh-i-Siah (Kalat district); Kharan and Chagai vein deposits

采购参考技术指标 (Calcium Fluoride (CaF2))

Metallurgical Grade (Metspar): 70.0% - 85.0% CaF2; Acid Grade (Acidspar): >= 97.0% CaF2

Koh-i-Maran produces high-grade commercial metspar by manual sorting; production of acid-grade (>97% CaF2) requires froth flotation plants capable of separating calcite and silica gangue.

商业化采购通道

Industrial Minerals

Phosphate Rock (Phosphorite)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Fluorapatite / Francolite (Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH))

已核实成矿带：

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Hazara Phosphate Belt (Kakul, Lagarban, Dalola, Tarnawai)

采购参考技术指标 (Phosphorus Pentoxide (P2O5))

Direct Run-of-Mine: 24.0% - 28.0% P2O5; Beneficiated Concentrate: 30.0% - 32.0% P2O5

Hazara phosphorites are silicious and dolomitic; commercial utilization in wet-process phosphoric acid requires careful blending or flotation beneficiation to keep MER within plant design tolerances.

商业化采购通道

Industrial MineralsSilica Sand (Industrial Quartz Sand)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

已核实成矿带：

Punjab: Salt Range (Datta Formation sandstone: Kalabagh, Makarwal, Mianwali)

Sindh: Tharparkar and Dadu (unconsolidated silica sand dunes and Eocene beds)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Dera Ismail Khan (Pezu) and Mansehra hydrothermal quartz veins

采购参考技术指标 (Silica (SiO2) & Iron Oxide (Fe2O3))

Float/Flint Glass Grade: SiO2 >= 99.2%, Fe2O3 <= 0.025%; Container Glass: SiO2 >= 98.5%, Fe2O3 <= 0.08%

Mianwali and Pezu silica sands provide established commercial production for domestic container glass; production of optical or solar cover glass requires high-intensity magnetic separation and acid washing.

商业化采购通道

Industrial MineralsDolomite (Refractory, Glass & Metallurgical Flux)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Calcium Magnesium Carbonate (CaMg(CO3)2)

已核实成矿带：

Punjab: Salt Range (Paikhel, Dandot, Nilawahan, Mianwali)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Nowshera, Abbottabad, and Haripur dolomitic formations

Balochistan: Kalat and Lasbela Jurassic carbonate belts

采购参考技术指标 (Magnesium Oxide (MgO) & Calcium Oxide (CaO))

Refractory / Glass Grade: MgO >= 20.0% - 21.5%, CaO 30.0% - 31.5% (Theoretical pure: 21.8% MgO, 30.4% CaO)

High-purity refractory and glassmaker grades require low iron (Fe2O3 < 0.15%) and minimal acid-insoluble silica. Dolomitic limestone blends must be distinguished by precise XRF stoichiometry from true stoichiometric dolomite.

商业化采购通道

Industrial MineralsBentonite (Sodium-Activated & Calcium Montmorillonite)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Montmorillonite / Smectite ((Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O)

已核实成矿带：

Punjab: Jhelum (Dina, Rohtas volcanogenic ash beds in Siwalik Group)

Azad Jammu & Kashmir: Mirpur and Bhimber (Siwalik bentonite horizons)

Sindh: Tharparkar (Nagar Parkar kaolin) and Khairpur / D.G. Khan (Fuller's earth)

采购参考技术指标 (Swelling Index, Viscosity & Montmorillonite Purity)

API Drilling Grade: Suspension properties meeting API 13A (viscometer 600 rpm >= 30, filtrate volume <= 16.0 cm3); Swelling index >= 24 ml/2g

Most natural Pakistani bentonites are calcium-dominated smectites. Achieving API drilling specifications requires sodium activation (soda ash addition during pugging and aging).

商业化采购通道

Industrial MineralsKaolin (China Clay)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4)

已核实成矿带：

Sindh: Nagar Parkar (residual deposits on Proterozoic granitic basement)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Shah Dheri (Swat district, hydrothermal alteration of feldspathic rocks)

采购参考技术指标 (Al2O3 Content & ISO Brightness)

Ceramic Grade: Al2O3 >= 34.0% - 37.0%, ISO Brightness >= 80.0%; Paper Coating Grade: Brightness >= 86.0%

Nagar Parkar kaolin requires wet beneficiation (hydrocyclone separation, magnetic separation, and bleaching) to remove silica quartz grit and iron staining before reaching paper-coating standards.

商业化采购通道

Salt, Stone & Construction MaterialsRock Salt (Himalayan Pink & White Halite)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

已核实成矿带：

Punjab: Salt Range (Khewra, Warcha, Kalabagh, Jatta, Bahadur Khel)

采购参考技术指标 (Sodium Chloride (NaCl) & Purity Certification)

Example Buyer Specification: Edible Gourmet Grade typically requires NaCl >= 98.5% - 99.2%; Industrial/De-icing Grade: NaCl >= 95.0% - 97.0%. Purity typically ranges 96–99% NaCl depending on seam and processing; individual lots must be tested for purity, moisture and insolubles.

Export of pink salt from Pakistan is governed by official GI (Geographical Indication) regulations. Rock salt purity typically ranges 96–99% NaCl depending on seam and processing; individual lots must be tested for purity, moisture and insolubles. Claims of health remedies or electromagnetic radiation neutralization are unscientific and strictly avoided.

商业化采购通道

Salt, Stone & Construction MaterialsMarble (Architectural Dimension Stone)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Calcite / Dolomite (CaCO3 / CaMg(CO3)2)

已核实成矿带：

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Mohmand (White Marble), Nowshera (Pink/Ziarat Marble), Buner, Mardan

Balochistan: Lasbela, Khuzdar, Loralai, Ziarat

Azad Jammu & Kashmir: Muzaffarabad crystalline marble belt

采购参考技术指标 (Compressive Strength, Water Absorption & Surface Finish)

Compressive Strength >= 75 - 120 MPa (ASTM C170); Modulus of Rupture >= 8.0 - 15.0 MPa (ASTM C99)

Modern diamond wire-saw extraction reduces micro-fracturing in dimension stone blocks compared to traditional blasting. Consignments require physical inspection and test validation.

商业化采购通道

Salt, Stone & Construction MaterialsOnyx (Banded Aragonite & Travertine)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Banded Aragonite / Calcite (CaCO3)

已核实成矿带：

Balochistan: Chagai District (Mashki Chah, Zeh, Padag, Taftan)

采购参考技术指标 (Color Grading, Translucency & Soundness)

Dark Green, Medium Green, Light Green, Multi-Green, White Onyx; high optical translucency under backlighting

A trade or market name does not automatically prove geological origin. Translucency and green color saturation vary naturally across short quarry distances.

商业化采购通道

Salt, Stone & Construction Materials

Granite (Structural & Architectural)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Quartz-Feldspar-Biotite Plutonic Rock

已核实成矿带：

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Mansehra (Himalayan Granites), Swat, Buner plutons

Sindh: Nagar Parkar (Proterozoic basement granite suite — subject to environmental restrictions)

采购参考技术指标 (Compressive Strength & Abrasion Resistance)

Compressive Strength >= 130 - 180 MPa (ASTM C170); Flexural Strength >= 10.0 - 18.0 MPa (ASTM C880)

Environmental Safeguard: Nagar Parkar's Karunjhar Hills are subject to judicial and governmental quarrying prohibitions due to wildlife sanctuary and religious heritage protections. Enigma Earth does not source or trade granite originating from prohibited Karunjhar preservation zones.

商业化采购通道

Salt, Stone & Construction MaterialsLimestone (Industrial, Cement & Aggregate)

[P]Official Production Evidence

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

已核实成矿带：

Punjab: Salt Range & Margalla Hills (Margalla Hill, Samana Suk, Sakesar formations)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Nowshera, Hattar, Kohat, and Nizampur quarry belts

Sindh: Thatta, Jamshoro, and Rohri Eocene marine limestone formations

Balochistan: Lasbela, Bolan, and Quetta Jurassic to Eocene carbonate platforms

采购参考技术指标 (Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) & Magnesium Oxide (MgO))

Industrial / Chemical Grade: CaCO3 >= 95.0% - 98.0%; Cement Raw Meal: CaCO3 >= 80.0% - 88.0% (CaO >= 45.0% - 50.0%)

Limestone deposits in Pakistan are vast and commercially active nationwide. Material suitability depends strictly on the application: cement clinkers require stringent MgO limits (< 3.0%), industrial lime requires high CaCO3 (> 95%), and concrete aggregates demand low LA abrasion and zero alkali-silica reactivity (ASR).

商业化采购通道

Salt, Stone & Construction Materials

Construction Aggregates, Sand & Gravel

[P]Official Production Evidence

Crushed Limestone, Quartzite, River Gravel & Sand

已核实成矿带：

Punjab: Margalla Hills (crushed limestone), Salt Range quarries, Chenab river sand

Sindh: Hub and Jamshoro gravel pits, Rohri crushed limestone

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Nowshera, Hattar, and Nizampur crushing complexes

采购参考技术指标 (Los Angeles Abrasion & Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV))

Los Angeles Abrasion Loss <= 25.0% - 30.0% (ASTM C131); ACV <= 22.0%; Soundness Loss (Na2SO4) <= 12.0%

Aggregate supply is strictly localized by logistics economics. Long-distance transport is economically viable only for specialized railway ballast or high-specification offshore engineering projects.

商业化采购通道

Salt, Stone & Construction Materials

Lake & Solar Marine Salt

[P]Official Production Evidence

Sodium Chloride (NaCl) & Brine Evaporite

已核实成矿带：

Sindh: Coastal salt pans (Korangi, Port Qasim, Siranda Lake, Tharparkar playas)

采购参考技术指标 (NaCl Purity (Dry Basis))

Industrial Tanning Grade: NaCl >= 96.0% - 97.5%; Raw Solar Crystals: NaCl >= 94.0%

Marine solar salt is subject to seasonal weather variations. Monsoon rainfall halts solar crystallizer beds between July and September.

商业化采购通道

Gemstones & Mineral SpecimensSwat Emerald (Beryl: Be3Al2Si6O18:Cr)

[S]Recovered Gemstone / Specimen

Beryl colored by Chromium and Vanadium

已核实成矿带：

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Swat Valley (Mingora, Shamozai, Gujjar Killi, Charbagh ophiolite suture)

采购参考技术指标 (Color Saturation, Clarity & Treatment Verification)

Intense vivid green ('Swat Green') with high chromium luminescence; untreated (no oil / minor cedarwood oil only)

Mining in the Mingora emerald belt is strictly managed by provincial concession authorities and authorized auctions. Unauthorized private claims or guaranteed parcel yields are fraudulent.

商业化采购通道

Gemstones & Mineral SpecimensAquamarine & Heliodor (Pegmatitic Beryl)

[S]Recovered Gemstone / Specimen

Beryl colored by divalent/trivalent Iron (Fe2+/Fe3+)

已核实成矿带：

Gilgit-Baltistan: Shigar Valley (Dassu, Nyet, Bulechi), Haramosh, Shengus, Nagar

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Chitral (Lutkho, Garam Chashma pegmatites)

采购参考技术指标 (Crystal Termination, Luster & Transparency)

Eye-clean to loupe-clean transparency; natural undamaged hexagonal pinacoid or pyramidal terminations

Pegmatitic pocket mining is highly seasonal (May to October due to high-altitude Himalayan winter freezes) and intrinsically unpredictable. Stock varies continuously based on recent artisanal pocket strikes.

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Gemstones & Mineral SpecimensTopaz (Katlang Imperial Pink & Northern Sherry)

[S]Recovered Gemstone / Specimen

Al2SiO4(F,OH)2

已核实成矿带：

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Katlang (Mardan district — rare hydrothermal natural pink topaz in calcite)

Gilgit-Baltistan: Dassu and Shigar (golden/sherry pegmatitic topaz), Shengus

采购参考技术指标 (Natural Color Origin (Untreated) & Clarity)

Untreated natural pink / violet-pink (chromium-activated, non-irradiated); VS to VVS clarity

Katlang natural pink topaz is one of the rarest gem varieties on earth. Total annual recovery is minimal and artisanal. Any claims of large bulk commercial stock are false.

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Gemstones & Mineral SpecimensRuby (Neelum Valley & Hunza Corundum)

[S]Recovered Gemstone / Specimen

Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3:Cr / Al2O3:Fe,Ti)

已核实成矿带：

Azad Jammu & Kashmir: Neelum Valley (Nangimali, Chitta Katha marble belt)

Gilgit-Baltistan: Hunza Valley (Aliabad, Ganesh marble-hosted ruby and sapphire)

采购参考技术指标 (Natural Color, Origin Verification & Treatment Status)

Naturally unheated (no thermal alteration, no lead-glass or flux filling)

Zero Commercial Active Production Disclaimer: Neelum Valley ruby operations are currently non-industrial with no active corporate mine concessions yielding continuous commercial supply. Claims of guaranteed continuous supply are prohibited.

须待化验/核验矿权

Gemstones & Mineral Specimens

Peridot (Gem Olivine / Forsterite)

[S]Recovered Gemstone / Specimen

Magnesium Iron Silicate ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4)

已核实成矿带：

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Kohistan (Spapat, Sapat Gali, Upper Jijal ultramafic complex)

采购参考技术指标 (Size, Color Uniformity & Cleanliness)

Rich vibrant green with moderate iron saturation (Fo88-Fo92); eye-clean clarity

Sapat peridot deposits are located at extreme high altitudes (>4,200 m) with extraction limited strictly to 2 - 3 summer months by local artisanal miners.

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Gemstones & Mineral Specimens

Tourmaline, Garnet & Spinel Group

[S]Recovered Gemstone / Specimen

Complex Borosilicates, Orthosilicates & Oxides

已核实成矿带：

Gilgit-Baltistan: Stak Nala, Haramosh, Hunza (spinel), and Shigar (spessartine garnet)

Balochistan: Muslim Bagh (rare green demantoid garnet in serpentinite)

采购参考技术指标 (Hue Saturation, Brilliance & Crystal Perfection)

Natural unheated gems; undamaged pyramidal or rhombohedral terminations on crystal specimens

Specimen recovery is artisanal and episodic. Enigma Earth qualifies individual parcels on hand; claims of industrial-scale recurring supply are technically unfounded.

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Gemstones & Mineral Specimens

Specialist Mineral Specimens (Rare Pegmatites)

[A]Associated / Research Occurrence

Pollucite, Columbite-Tantalite, Cassiterite, Beryllonite, Väyrynenite, Brookite

已核实成矿带：

Gilgit-Baltistan: Shengus, Shigar, Nyet, Roundu rare-element pegmatite fields

Balochistan: Kharan and Ziarat (brookite on quartz crystal specimens)

采购参考技术指标 (Crystallographic Perfection, Scarcity & Aesthetic Presentation)

Complete, pristine crystal morphology on original host rock matrix; zero repair or glue reconstruction (or fully disclosed conservation)

CRITICAL GOVERNANCE NOTICE: Rare minerals such as pollucite (cesium ore) or columbite-tantalite recovered in Northern Pakistan occur as localized pegmatite crystals and specimen samples. They do NOT constitute commercial mining production of critical battery or tech metals in Pakistan.

须待化验/核验矿权